托福阅读人类学专业学科词汇梳理

托福考察的题材广泛，考生如果能够掌握一定的专业学科词汇，对于提高阅读速度和读懂文章都会大有裨益，下面小编就和大家分享托福阅读人类学专业学科词汇梳理,希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读人类学专业学科词汇梳理

1. paleoanthropologist 古人类学家

2. ecological anthropologist 生态人类学家

3. psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家

4. origin 起源

If it's possible, track the rumour back to its origin. 如果可能，应追查谣言的源头。

5. originate 起源于

Many species, for example, originate in small populations. 例如, 不少生物种就起源于一个很小的群体.

6. ancestor 祖先

.This machine is the ancestor of the modern computer. 这台机器是现代电脑的始祖.

7. hominid 人(科)

8. homogeneous 同一种族(种类)的

Educators try to put pupils of similar abilities into classes because they believe that this homogeneous grouping is advisable. 教育学家设法将学生按相近的能力分班,因为他们认为这种按同等水平划分班级的做法是明智的.

9. tribe 部落

His intercession could be of help to the tribe.

他的调解可能会帮上该部落的忙。

10. clan 氏族

The Chinese Christians, therefore, practically excommunicate themselves from their own clan. 所以, 中国的简直是被逐出了自己的家族了.

11. archeologist 考古学家

The archeologist traced the hieroglyphs. 考古学家追踪象形文字.

12. excavation 挖掘

The excavation of the buried city took a long time. 发掘埋在地下的城市花了很长时间.

13. excavate (unearth) 挖掘

They plan to excavate a large hole before putting in the foundations. 他们计划打地基前先挖个大洞.

14. ruins 遗迹，废墟

The Normans built the castle which was reduced to ruins under Cromwell. 诺曼人建造了这座后来在克伦威尔统治时期变成废墟的城堡。

15. remains 遗迹，遗骸

There had not a vestige of the abbey remains.修道院的遗迹已荡然无存.

16. artifact 手工艺品

17. relic 遗物，文物

The relics are credited with miraculous powers. 机器发音这些遗骸被认为具有神奇的力量。

18. antique 古物，古董

19. antiquity 古代，古老

It indicates the antiquity of the tradition.这表明该传统源远流长。

20. Stone Age 石器时代

21. Bronze Age (青)铜器时代

22. Iron Age 铁器时代

23. Paleolithic 旧石器时代的

24. Mesolithic 中石器时代的

25. Neolithic 新石器时代的

26. archaeology 考古学

Aerial photography has revolutionized the study of archaeology.航空摄影已经给考古学研究带来了一场革命。

27. anthropology 人类学

28. morphology 形态学

No longer can biologists be content simply to study morphology.生物学家不再满足于简单地研究形态学.

29. skull 颅骨

Her skull was crammed with too many thoughts.她脑瓜子里想法太多。

30. cranial 颅骨的

Five of the twelve cranial nerves become activated when you kisssomebody.当你吻某人时十二条脑神经中五条将变得活跃.

托福阅读：句子简化练习题

Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them—clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal—it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the “applied arts.” Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters, and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports must be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are universal in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm. However, not all functional objects are exactly alike; that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being different from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the object’s primary function . . .

The tested sentence is highlighted in the passage.

Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Functional applied-art objects cannot vary much from the basic patterns determined by the laws of physics.

B. The function of applied-art objects is determined by basic patterns in the laws of physics.

C. Since functional applied-art objects vary only within certain limits, arbitrary decisions cannot have determined their general form.

D. The general form of applied-art objects is limited by some arbitrary decision that is not determined by the laws of physics.

正确答案是A

托福阅读长难句：对有声电影的批判

Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective, a strain of critical opinion in the 1920s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound. (TPO12, 54)

perspective /pə'spektɪv/ n. 透视法，透视图;远景;观点，看法

strain n. 品种，类型

我是分界线，大家先自己一遍速读哦。

(Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective),a strain of critical opinion inthe 1920s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty (that would soon fade from sight),(just as had many previous attempts, (dating well back before the First World War),to link images with recorded sound).(TPO12, 54)

分析：

这句话的主干就是a strain of critical opinion in the 1920s predicted that

修饰一：(Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective)，从句

中文：虽然从以后的观点来看很难想象

修饰二：(that would soon fade from sight)，从句，修饰a technical novelty

中文：不久就会从视线里消失

修饰三：( just as had many previous attempts to link images with recorded sound)，从句，大家一定要注意这里的attempts to被插入语(dating well back before the FirstWorld War)隔开了，断句不要出问题

中文：就好像以前试图把图像和录音连接在一起的许多尝试一样。

修饰四：(dating well back before the First World War)，插入语

中文：追溯到一战以前

参考翻译：

虽然从以后的观点来看很难想象，但在20世纪20年代有一种批判的观点预测有声电影将会是不久就会从视线里消失的技术创新，就好像一战以前试图把图像和录音连接在一起的许多尝试一样。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句、插入语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。