微信扫码分享

新概念英语第二册:第5-7课课文详解及语法解析

美文网 分享 时间:

如果你也想学好英语,又怎能错过新概念英语?今天小编给大家带来新概念英语第二册:课文详解及语法解析,希望可以帮助到大家,下面小编就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。

新概念英语第二册:第5课课文详解及语法解析

课文详注 Further notes on the text

1.Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. 平赫斯特离锡尔伯里只有5英里,但詹姆斯·斯科特先生未能为他新的汽车修理部搞到一部电话机,所以他买了12只鸽子。

(1)这句话由3个部分组成。but引导的句子与前面的句子为并列关系,so引导的句子表示结果。

(2)from 在这里表示距离上相隔,译为“离”、“从”等:

The school is a mile (away) from my house.

学校离我家有一英里。

She has been away from home for 5 days now.

她离家已有5天了。

2.Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury.

昨天,一只鸽子把第一封信从平赫斯特带到锡尔伯里。

(1)from…to…表示从一个地方到另一个地方。如下文中的from one garage to the other。这个短语中顺序比较重要,不能搞错方向:

He flew from Beijing to Moscow.

他从北京坐飞机去莫斯科。

He looked at the girl from head to foot.

他把这姑娘从头到脚打量了一下。

The news spread from house to house.

家家户户都得知了这条消息。

(2)message在这里的意思是“(口头或书面的)信息”、“信”:

an oral/ written message 口信/便条

Hers is a message for you from your sister.

这是你姐姐/妹妹给你留的便条。

John has gone to his office. Would you like to leave him a message?

约翰去办公室了。你愿意给他留个口信吗?

与message相关的另一个词是 messenger,意为“送信人”、“信使”等。

3.Up to now, Mr. Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and

other urgent messages from one garage to the other. 到目前为止,斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急函件。

(1)这句话看起来很长,但却是个简单句。sent有两个宾语,一是requests,二是messages。from one garage to the other是整个句子的状语。

(2)up to now相当于until/till now,意思是“迄今”、“到目前为止”,一般与现在完成时连用:

Up to now, he has not been very hard-working.

到目前为止,他一直不是很用功。

Up to now, he has collected a good number of stamps.

到目前为止,他已收集了许多邮票。

(3)request作名词“要求”、“请求”讲时,往往需要补充说明其内容,如课文中 requests for spare parts(索取备件的信件)。

She sent a request for help to Gary.

她向加里请求帮助。

He granted my request for more time.

他同意了我延长时间的请求。

(4)a great many在这句话中为形容词短语。many单独使用时前面不加a,但加了great/ good等形容词后,前面要加 a:

A great many trees were destroyed in the storm.

好多树在这场暴风雨中被毁坏了。

a great many还可以作代词短语用:

He has read a great many of the books in this room.

这房间的书他好多都读过了。

4.In this way, he has begun his own private 'telephone' service.

就这样,他开始了自己的私人“电话”业务。

(1)service作为不可数名词时通常用于表示旅馆、餐馆以及商店等对旅客、顾客等的侍候、接待或服务;它作为可数名词时可以表示为帮助他人所采取的行动或所做的工作:

The service in that hotel is quite good.

那家旅馆的服务很不错。

You have done me a great service.

你帮了我很大的忙。

(2)在课文中,service的意思是“业务”、“公用事业”等。这类用法一般有: the mail service(邮政业务); the

telephone service(电话业务);a travel service(旅行社);a news service(通讯社)等。可以看出,service既可以指公用事业的业务,也可以指办这些业务的机构。因此,课文中的“'telephone' service”实际上是个大词,有一种幽默感。

语法 Grammar in use

1.一般过去时与现在完成时

在表示过去某个特定时间发生的事情或动作时,要用一般过去时:

Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury.

昨天,一只鸽子把第一封信从平赫斯特带到锡尔伯里。

在表示刚刚或者已经完成一个动作并且对现在有影响时,则要用现在完成时,时间状语可以是不特指的now, just,或者是for引导的一段时间,或者不加任何时间状语:

He has written a book.

他写了一本书。

…now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst.

……现在他刚在平赫斯特买下了另一个汽车修理部。(现在拥有)

在一段文章中可以同时出现一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时。因此,要根据具体情况灵活运用这些时态,体会它们之间的区别:

I have a brother, Tom. He is an engineer. He has been abroad for three years now. Several days ago, I received a letter from him.

我有一个弟弟,名叫汤姆。他是位工程师。他出国已3年了。几天前我收到了一封他的来信。

2.带way的一些短语

名词way的用法很灵活,能组成不同的搭配:

(1)in the/ one's way, 妨碍(某人):

You are in my way.

你挡着我了。

Don't stand in the way. I can't see the blackboard.

别挡着我的视线。我看不见黑板了。

(2) in the way, 按照,以……方式:

You can make the cake in the way I have told you.

你可以按我告诉你的方法做蛋糕。

(3) on the/ one's way, 在途中:

I met Mary on my way to school.

我在去学校的路上遇到了玛丽。

(4) by the way, 顺便提一下(插入语,改变话题时使用):

By the way, have you met Bill before?

顺便问一下,你以前见过比尔吗?

(5) in a way, 在某种程度上,从某种意义来说:

In a way you are right.

从某种意义上说你是对的。

新概念英语第二册:第6课课文详解及语法解析

课文详注 Further notes on the text

1.I have just moved to a house in Bridge Street. 我刚刚搬进了大桥街的一所房子。

move常用的意义是“动”、“移动”。在这句话里它的意思是“搬家”、“迁移”,为不及物动词。在表达“搬家”这个意思时move可以单独使用,也可以组成短语move to, move into, move in, move out等:

Jack has moved out. John will move in the day after tomorrow.

杰克已经搬走了。约翰后天搬进来。

2.He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. (他问)我要一顿饭和一杯啤酒。

在表示请求时,可以用ask+sb.+for+sth.,也可以直接用ask for:

Don't always ask others for help.

别总向他人求助。

He never asks his parents for money.

他从来不向父母要钱。

3.in return for this 作为报答,作为交换

in return可以单独使用,也可以加介词for说明原因:

You lent me this interesting book last month. In return (for it), I'll show you some picture books.

你上个月把这本有趣的书借给了我。作为报答,我将给你看一些画册。

In return for your help, I invite you to spend the weekend with my family.

你帮了我的忙。作为回报,我邀请你与我的家人一起过这个周末。

4.Later a neighbour told me about him. 后来,一位邻居告诉了我他的情况。

介词about可以和一些动词连用,以表示“关于……(的)”、“涉及……(的)”:

Please tell me about the accident.

请告诉我这次事故的一些情况。

He spoke to me about his dog.

他和我讲了讲他的狗。

I have read about him.

关于他的情况我曾经读到过。

5.once a month 每月一次

once表示频率时后面直接加表示时间的名词:

Jane wrote to her parents once a week.

简每星期给父母写封信。

He goes back to the South once a year.

他每年回一次南方。

The postman calls once a day.

邮递员每天来一次。

语法 Grammar in use

1.a, the与some的用法

A.

当表示不确定的某个人或东西时,用不定冠词a/an:

He bought a book this afternoon.

今天下午他买了本书。

There is a man in front of your car.

你的汽车前面有一个男人。

B.

当表示不可数的名词时,则需要由不定冠词加量词组成词组:

A cup of coffee, please.

请给我来一杯咖啡。

I need a sheet of paper.

我需要一张纸。

C.

当表示一类事物的性质、状态时,可以用下列方法表示:

A tiger is a dangerous animal.

老虎是一种危险的动物。

Tigers are dangerous.

老虎是危险的。

Salt is necessary for/ to us all.

我们大家都需要盐。

D.

some用于表示不确定的某些人或东西,可数和不可数都可以:

He put some books on the desk.

他把一些书放在了桌上。

Some students are absent today.

今天有些学生缺席了。

I like to put some sugar in the soup.

我喜欢在汤里加些糖。

E.

如果指某个确定的人或事物或者上文已提到过的人或事物,则要用定冠词the(有时相当于this/ that):

The man has just left.

那人刚走。

Do you still want the ticket?

你还想要这张票吗?

Yesterday I saw a beautiful skirt in a shop. But the skirt was too expensive.

昨天我在商店看见一条漂亮的裙子。但是那裙子太贵了。

F.

在姓名、地名、国名(非复合词)以及月份、星期等前面不加任何冠词:

Tom is in Germany now. He studies physics in Berlin. He has a house in Bridge Street.

汤姆现在在德国。他在柏林学习物理学。在大桥街他有一所房子。

April is a pleasant month.

4月气候宜人。

He has classes on Monday.

他星期一有课。

2.短语动词 (Phrasal verbs)

许多动词加上介词或副词后就会改变词义,因此需要记住整个短语,并根据上下文的意义判断动词在句子中的意思。常见的短语动词有: put on(穿上,戴上), take off(脱掉,摘掉), look for(寻找),look after(照顾,照料):

Don't put the cup on the table!

别把杯子放在桌上!

It is cold outside. Put on your coat.

今天外面冷。穿上外衣。

Someone has taken my pen.

有人把我的钢笔拿走了。

Take off your wet shoes, please.

请把你的湿鞋子脱掉。

She looked at the picture carefully.

她仔细地看着那幅画。

What are you looking for?

你在找什么?

She looked after the sick baby for three days.

她照顾了那个病孩子3天。

新概念英语第二册:第7课课文详解及语法解析

课文详注 Further notes on the text

1.…detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. ……侦探们在机场等了整整一上午。

all 一般直接加表示时间的单数名词构成副词短语,如:all day (整整一天),all night(整夜),all week(整星期),all winter(整个冬天),all year(整年)等。但不说all hour。

whole在表达同样的意思时一般要加冠词或数词,如:a whole day/ year(一整天/年),two whole weeks(整整两星期)。

2.…someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. ……有人向警方报告,说有人企图偷走这些钻石。

that后面的部分为动词tell的宾语从句。从句中的时态为过去将来时(would)。

3.When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. 当飞机到达时,一些侦探等候在主楼内,另一些侦探则守候在停机坪上。

(1)这个长句子由3个部分组成:when引导的是整个句子的时间状语从句;some of…building为主句;while 引导的是动作与主句的动作同时进行的时间状语从句。while作为连词表示“和……同时”、“当……时候”时常常引导一个过去进行时从句。(cf. 本课语法)

(2)地点状语 on the airfield 与第一句中的 at the airport 意义相近。注意介词on和at的不同搭配。

(3)代词others常常和some连用,表示“有些(人)……,也有些(人)……”或者“有的……,其余的……”:

Some students are very hard-working, others are not.

有些学生非常用功,有些则不然。

Some of the novels are interesting, (the) others are not.

在这些小说中,有些很有趣,其他的则不然。

4.keep guard 守望,警戒

与 stand guard(站岗,放哨)意思相近:

Two thieves kept guard around the house while the others entered it.

两个小偷在屋子外面守着,其他的则进了屋。

They kept a close guard over the thieves.

他们对小偷们严加看管。

5.to their surprise 令他们吃惊的是

这个短语中的所有格形容词their也可以换成其他所有格形容词:(much) to my/ his surprise, to our surprise 等。一般不说 to your surprise。

语法 Grammar in use

1.过去进行时(The past progressive tense)

构成:be的过去式+现在分词(注意现在分词的构成)

(1)过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。过去进行时和一般过去时经常同在一个句子里使用。过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作或情况,一般过去时则表示比较短暂的动作或事件。正在进行中的动作或情况往往由连词 when, while, as, just as等引导:

While/ When/ As I was sweeping the floor, I found your pen.

我扫地的时候,发现了你的钢笔。

while通常只引导持续时间较长的动作,并且主句和从句可以同时用过去进行时,而when和as一般不这么用:

John was watching TV while his wife was talking with a neighbour over the phone.

当他的妻子和一位邻居在电话中聊天时,约翰一直在看电视。

Some students were dancing and singing while others were eating and drinking.

有些学生在唱歌跳舞,而另一些则在吃喝。

Just as I was opening the front door, the telephone rang.

我正开前门的时候,电话铃响了。

Just as I was leaving the house, you came in.

你进来的时候我正要出门。

when也可以引导比较短暂的动作,while和as则一般不行:

We were having supper when the lights went out.

我们正在吃晚饭时灯灭了。

2)过去进行时往往与表示一段时间的状语连用,如all morning, all night, all day, all evening, the whole week等,表示这段时间一直在干什么:

They were preparing for the party for two whole days.

整整两天他们一直在为晚会进行准备。

2.短语动词中的小品词(The particles)

在上一课的语法中已经提到,许多动词加上介词或副词后就会改变词义。这些介词和副词通常被称为小品词。它们没有词形变化。有些小品词既可以作介词又可以作副词。判断一个小品词是副词还是介词要看小品词有没有带宾语。有宾语的是介词,没有宾语的是副词。介词的位置相对固定些:

I am looking for Tim.

我在找蒂姆。(for为介词,位置不能变动)

She looked after the baby.

她照顾那孩子。(after为介词)

He put the fire/ it out.

他灭了火。(out为副词)

Mother woke the children/ them up.

母亲把孩子们叫醒了。(up为副词)

She took the picture/ it down.

她把画取了下来。(down为副词)

Please turn the radio/ it off.

请把收音机关掉。(off为副词)

He turned it on.

约翰打开了电视。(on为副词)

Put the cake on the table.

把蛋糕放在桌上。(on为介词)

She is walking up the hill.

她正向山上走去。(up为介词)

新概念英语第二册:第5-7课课文详解及语法解析

推荐度:
点击下载文档文档为doc格式
投诉建议